In the journey, of DevOps after learning the basics of GitHub, the next thing we need to learn is about Linux OS. Let's begin.
Linux is an open-source Unix-like operating system-based family on the Linux kernel, and the OS kernel was first published on 17 September 1991 by Linus Torvalds.
Famous Linux distributions are Ubuntu, Fedora Linux, and Debian
Features of Linux OS
Multiuser Capability
Multitasking
Portability
Security
Open Source
Architecture of Linux
The Linux architecture is largely composed of elements such as the Kernel, System Library, Hardware layer, System, and Shell functions.
Kernel: The kernel is one of the fundamental parts of an operating system. It is responsible for each of the primary duties of the Linux OS.
System Libraries: A set of library functions may be specified as these functions.
System Utility Programs: A system utility program performs specific and individual jobs.
Hardware layer: The hardware layer of Linux is made up of several peripheral devices such as a CPU, HDD, and RAM.
Shell: Different operating systems are classified as graphical shells and command-line shells. A graphical shell is an interface between the kernel and the user.
Shell is a program that provides the interface between the user and an operating system.
The Bourne Shell (sh)
The GNU Bourne-Again Shell (bash)
The C Shell (csh)
The Korn Shell (ksh)
The Z Shell (zsh)
By default, the type of shell used is Bourne Again Shell (bash).
Pros & Cons of Linux OS
| Pros of Linux OS | Cons of Linux OS |
| Open source | Lack of standard |
| Reliability | Proprietary software |
| No Licensing costs | Steep learning curve |
Downloading Linux Distribution: Ubuntu
You can download and install Ubuntu in your Host OS using two ways:
Using Dual Boot - Installing the Ubuntu ISO file and making a bootable pen drive to install the Ubuntu OS in your current system.
To dual boot your system meet the specific requirements of installing Ubuntu. More Linux distributions are also there you can try & explore them like Fedora, TinyCore, Kali Linux, etc.
Download the ISO file using - https://ubuntu.com/desktop
Download the bootable software - https://rufus.ie/en/
Rufus creates a bootable drive to install the OS over your existing system.
You can create a partition in your existing storage drive where you want to install the OS. This is known as Type 1 Virtualisation or Bare Metal Hypervisor where we install the OS over the physical hardware without any external software.
Using VMWare or VirtualBox - You can also use Linux Distribution by provisioning the hardware resources like memory and storage of your existing system and installing the ISO file in the existing hypervisor software you installed like VMWare or VirtualBox.
Download VMWare Workstation using - https://www.vmware.com/in/products/workstation-pro/workstation-pro-evaluation.html
Download Oracle VirtualBox using - https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads
This is known as Type 2 Virtualisation or hosted hypervisor where we install the virtualised OS over the external software like VirtualBox or VMWare by provisioning some resources of the Host OS.
